National security

National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power and the exercise of diplomacy. The concept developed mostly in the United States of America after World War II. Iinitially focusing on military might, it now encompasses a broad range of facets, all of which impinge on the military or economic security of the nation and the values espoused by the national society. Accordingly, in order to possess national security, a nation needs to possess economic security, energy security, environmental security, etc. Security threats involve not only conventional foes such as nation-states but also non-state actors such as terrorist organizations, narcotic cartels and multi-national organisations; some authorities including natural disasters and events causing severe environmental damage in this category.

Measures taken to ensure national security include:

* using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats
* marshalling economic power to facilitate or compel cooperation
* maintaining effective armed forces
* implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti-terrorism legislation)
* ensuring the resilience and redundancy of critical infrastructure
* using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified information
* using counterintelligence services or secret police to protect the nation from internal threats



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